Dmitriyevsky was born in Zaraisk, Moscow region, in 1923. In 1939 he studied at the Secondary Art School of Moscow State Art Institute. He graduated from the institute in 1951.

From 1944 he was an artist of the Grekov Studio of Military Painting.

Dmitriyevsky took part in World War II. After the war he became one of the authors of the panorama “The Rout of the Nazi Troops in the Battle of Stalingrad”.

In 1965 Dmitriyevsky was given a title of Honoured Artist of the Russian Federation, in 1976 – a title of the People’s Artist of the Russian Federation. He was decorated with the Order of the Badge of Honour, the Red Star Order, the Medal for Battle Merit, the Medal of Military Valor, the Medal for the Victory Over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945, and other rewards.